问题标题:我称之为家的地方……
年份:2020
学生等级:本科生
来源:ICM
问题
研究人员发现,马尔代夫、图瓦卢、基里巴斯和马绍尔群岛等多个岛国因海平面上升而面临彻底消失的风险。当一个国家的土地消失时,岛上的人口会发生什么或应该发生什么?这些因环境而流离失所的人(EDP) 不仅需要搬迁,而且还面临失去独特文化、语言和生活方式的风险。
在这个问题中,我们要求您更仔细地研究这个问题,既要考虑人口搬迁的需要,又要考虑文化的保护。有许多考虑和问题需要解决,包括:这些 EDP 将去哪里?哪些国家会接收他们?鉴于各国在历史上和现在对温室气体的贡献不成比例,加速了与海平面上升有关的气候变化,最严重的违规者是否应该有更大的义务来解决这些问题?那么,谁有权决定这些无国籍的 EDP 在哪里安家落户——是个人、联合国 (UN) 等政府间组织,还是接收这些人员的各国政府?问题论文对这些问题进行了更详细的解释。
由于联合国最近的一项裁决为从理论上承认 EDP 为难民打开了大门,国际气候移民基金会(ICM- F)聘请您为联合国提供建议,开发一个模型并使用它来分析这个多方面的问题,即联合国何时、为何和如何介入解决 EDP 日益增加的挑战。ICM-F 计划向联合国简要介绍联合国应如何针对 EDP 制定系统性应对措施的指导,特别是考虑到保护文化遗产的愿望。
您的任务是开发一个模型(或一组模型),并使用您的模型提供分析以支持此简报。
ICM-F 特别有兴趣了解 EDP 问题的范围。例如,目前有多少人面临成为 EDP 的风险[1];处于危险中的国家的文化价值是什么;这些答案可能会如何随着时间的推移而变化?此外,世界应该如何应对,制定国际政策,专门保护因气候变化而消失的国家人民的权利,同时又致力于保护文化?根据您的分析,您能就此事提出哪些建议?接受或拒绝您的建议意味着什么?
这个问题极其复杂。我们理解您的提交内容无法充分考虑第 3 页开始的问题文件中描述的所有方面。但是,考虑到您解决的方面,请将您的工作综合成对 ICM-F 的连贯回答,因为他们会向联合国提供建议。您的团队的论文至少应包括:
从面临风险的人数和文化丧失的风险两个方面对问题的范围进行分析;
针对 EDP 问题提出的政策建议,涉及人权(能够在新家园重新定居并充分参与生活)和文化保护两个方面;
用于衡量拟议政策的潜在影响的模型的开发描述;
解释如何使用您的模型来设计和/或改进您提出的政策;
通过您的分析来解释实施您所提议的政策的重要性。
ICM-F 由数学家、气候科学家和难民移民专家等跨学科评委组成,负责审查您的论文。因此,您的论文应面向科学素养高、受众多样化的读者。
您的提交内容应包括:
单页摘要表
目录
您的解决方案不超过 20 页,包括摘要和目录,最多 22 页。
注意:参考文献列表和任何附录不计入页数限制,应在完成解决方案后显示。您不应使用未经授权的图像和材料,这些图像和材料的使用受版权法限制。确保您引用了您的想法和报告中使用的材料的来源。
词汇表
环境流离失所者 (EDP):由于气候变化事件导致家园变得无法居住而必须搬迁的人
文化遗产:一个群体或社会世代传承的生活方式,包括风俗、习俗、艺术和价值观。
[1]现有文献中对当前和预测的气候难民数量有多种估计,但差异很大。因此,您需要根据自己的模型进行分析来支持您的结论,这些分析可以基于现有分析,也可以基于新的独立分析。
题目内容过长,可到文末下载完整版中英文真题
以下是英文版真题
Problem | |||
Researchers have identified several island nations, such as The Maldives, Tuvalu, Kiribati, and The Marshall Islands, as being at risk of completely disappearing due to rising sea levels. What happens, or what should happen, to an island's population when its nation's land disappears? Not only do these environmentally displaced persons (EDPs) need to relocate, but there is also risk of losing a unique culture, language, and way of life. In this problem, we ask you to look more closely at this issue, in terms of both the need to relocate people and the protection of culture. There are many considerations and questions to address, to include: Where will these EDPs go? What countries will take them? Given various nations' disproportionate contributions to the green-house gasses both historically and currently that have accelerated climate change linked to the rising seas, should the worst offenders have a higher obligation to address these issues? And, who gets a say in deciding where these nationless EDPs make a new home 鈥� the individuals, an intergovernmental organization like the United Nations (UN), or the individual governments of the states absorbing these persons? A more detailed explanation of these issues is given in the Issue Paper.
As a result of a recent UN ruling that opened the door to the theoretical recognition of EDPs as refugees, the International Climate Migration Foundation (ICM-F) has hired you to advise the UN by developing a model and using it to analyze this multifaceted issue of when, why, and how the UN should step into a role of addressing the increasing challenge of EDPs. The ICM-F plans to brief the UN on guidance for how the UN should generate a systemized response for EDPs, especially in consideration of the desire to preserve cultural heritage. Your assignment is to develop a model (or set of models) and use your model(s) to provide the analysis to support this briefing. The ICM-F is especially interested in understanding the scope of the issue of EDPs. For example, how many people are currently at risk of becoming EDPs[1]; what is the value of the cultures of at-risk nations; how are those answers likely to change over time? Furthermore, how should the world respond with an international policy that specifically focuses on protecting the rights of persons whose nations have disappeared in the face of climate change while also aiming to preserve culture? Based on your analysis, what recommendations can you offer on this matter, and what are the implications of accepting or rejecting your recommendations? This problem is extremely complex. We understand that your submission will not be able to fully consider all of the aspects described in the Issue Paper beginning on page 3. However, considering the aspects that you address, synthesize your work into a cohesive answer to the ICM-F as they advise the UN. At a minimum, your team's paper should include:
The ICM-F consists of interdisciplinary judges including mathematicians, climate scientists, and experts in refugee migration to review your work. Therefore, your paper should be written for a scientifically literate yet diverse audience. Your submission should consist of:
NOTE: Reference List and any appendices do not count toward the page limit and should appear after your completed solution. You should not make use of unauthorized images and materials whose use is restricted by copyright laws. Ensure you cite the sources for your ideas and the materials used in your report. Glossary
[1] There are multiple estimates for the current and predicted number of climate refugees in the existing literature, but they are vastly different. Therefore, you need to support your conclusions with analysis based on your own model(s), either building off of existing analysis or with a new and independent analysis.
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